For many teenagers, acne is more than just the odd pimple. It’s an ongoing battle that can affect confidence, social life and even emotional wellbeing.
And it’s not just teens. Young parents also often find themselves revisiting the struggles of breakouts. While acne is one of the most common skin conditions worldwide, it is also one of the most misunderstood.
Many people believe that acne is caused by poor hygiene. In reality, acne is much more complex and involves hormones, skin biology, lifestyle factors, and even genetics.
So, what exactly causes acne in youngsters, and how can families support their children in managing it? Connector spoke to experts in Dubai to break it down clearly, from triggers to treatment options, and what one should avoid.
What Triggers Acne?
Hormonal changes are one of the main culprits behind teenage acne. "The most common triggers for acne in young people are hormonal changes during puberty, which stimulate oil glands to produce excess oil. This, combined with dead skin cells and bacteria, leads to clogged pores and inflammation", explains Dr. Balazs Hodosi, Consultant Dermatologist at Aesthetics by King’s College Hospital London - Dubai (KCHLD) .
"Our skin also naturally harbours bacteria such as Cutibacterium acnes. They feed on sebum, and clogged pores provide the most favourable environment for their growth", adds Dr. Sevilia Mirzoeva, GP in aesthetic medicine at Zieda Aesthetic Clinic.
However hormones aren’t the only factor. Lifestyle habits, including skincare routines, diet and even stress levels play a role. As Chane Ann Marshall, Aesthetician at Aesthetics by KCHLD explains, "Lifestyle habits such as poor skincare routines, inconsistent cleansing, and using comedogenic products can aggravate acne. We also see flare-ups linked to dietary choices, especially high sugar intake and dairy. Disruptions in gut health, such as imbalances in the gut microbiome or poor digestion, may also play a role in skin inflammation and acne".
Lack of sleep and stress from school or social pressures can further contribute to breakouts, as experts note.
Environmental factors play their part too. In the UAE, humidity and pollution can trap sweat and oil on the skin, worsening acne. Genetics also matter. If parents had acne, their children are more likely to experience it too, according to the experts.
Spotting The Different Types Of Acne
Not all acne is the same, and knowing the type can make treatment more effective. Dr. Balazs Hodosi from Aesthetics by KCHLD lists the main types:
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Comedonal acne looks like blackheads and whiteheads.
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Inflammatory acne shows up as red bumps or pus-filled pimples.
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Nodulocystic acne is the most severe form, with deep, painful cysts that can cause scarring.
Each type requires a tailored approach. “Comedonal acne responds well to topical retinoids, inflammatory acne may need antibiotics or benzoyl peroxide, while severe cystic acne often requires oral medications like isotretinoin”, explains Dr. Balazs Hodosi from Aesthetics by KCHLD.
Habits That Help And Those That Harm
One of the best ways parents can support youngsters is by guiding them toward healthy daily habits. The right skincare routine is indispensable. "Teens often skip moisturisers thinking they cause breakouts, but dehydrated skin can actually produce more oil", notes Chane Ann Marshall from Aesthetics by KCHLD, and also adds, "One of the most common mistakes we see is over-cleansing or using abrasive scrubs, which can damage the skin barrier". Choosing the right products and maintaining a balanced routine helps skin's natural healing.
Dr. Sevilia Mirzoeva from Zieda Aesthetic Clinic also notes that adjusted diet and hygiene education matters too in controlling breakouts. It is prudent to avoid frequent touching of the face and ensuring helmets, masks, or any gear that touches the skin are cleaned regularly.
Diet is another factor families often overlook. Diets high in sugar, dairy, or processed foods may trigger hormonal imbalances and inflammation, explains Dr. Balazs Hodosi from Aesthetics by KCHLD, who further adds, "Recent studies suggest that maintaining a diet that supports healthy gut bacteria can significantly contribute to skin balance and overall clarity".
Simple steps such as drinking enough water, eating more fruit, vegetables, and fibre, and reducing junk food can support clearer skin.
Dr. Sevilia Mirzoeva from Zieda Aesthetic Clinic also cautions against wiping the face with any alcohol-based solutions or trying to pop pimples at home as that may increase the risk of infection, scarring and other complications.
Treatment Options And When To See A Dermatologist
For mild acne, a consistent skincare routine is often enough. This usually includes a gentle cleanser, a non-comedogenic moisturiser, and daily sunscreen. But when acne is more stubborn, expert treatments may be needed.
Aestheticians typically assess the skin closely to identify the type and severity of acne and offer treatments that may include chemical peels, LED therapy, IPL laser, Fotona acne treatments, or Acne facials with manual extractions. However, treatment should always be done in consultation with other experts including dermatologists, nutritionists and gynaecologists.
"This integrated approach addresses both internal and external factors contributing to acne, to provide a holistic, inside-out approach supporting long-term skin health and lasting results", notes Chane Ann Marshall from Aesthetics by KCHLD.
Treatment should also be customised. Topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, or antibiotics and oral medications may be prescribed, depending on the severity of each case. The key is expert supervision to ensure safety, especially in young patients.
Dr. Sevilia Mirzoeva from Zieda Aesthetic Clinic advises parents to consult a dermatologist if:
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Painful nodules appear.
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The acne spreads rapidly.
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There is no improvement within 6 to 8 weeks of consistent care.
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Acne starts before the age of 7.
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Scarring or skin darkening develops.
Acne may be a common concern, but it doesn’t have to define a child’s or teenager’s self-esteem. With healthy habits, the right skincare and professional guidance when needed, clearer skin is achievable. By focusing on evidence-based solutions, healthy habits and necessary precautions, parents can save their children from frustration and ineffective remedies.